For Presidents' Day

 

[An old Small Wonders piece celebrating President U. S. Grant. You can listen to the five-minute podcast here or read it below.} 

You'll find it just over the Mississippi, next door to Dubuque. The rolling hills all around hide the place, so when you drop down into Galena, Illinois, it feels like a discovery. It’s a 19th century gem where 85 per cent of the buildings are restored and listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Galena, Illinois, the whole of it, is a museum.

Nine Civil War generals once called the place home--not bad for a stop on the river. Eight of them you'll have to Google, but the 18th President of these United States, 1869-1877, is a name you’ll recognize. His presidency is probably less memorable than his command of the Union Army during the Civil War. General Ulysses S. Grant fought Robert E. Lee and took sword at Appomattox, and promptly, boldly, and respectfully gave it back. As a warrior, he was a generous man.

As a commander he was indefatigable, as a strategist determined, relentless and disciplined. But when the smoke cleared, he championed charity and grace that was much harder for others to give than it seemed to be for him. He faced the horrors of war head on just as he faced peace once the war’s canons went silent. A lion and a lamb somehow co-existed in the soul of Ulysses S. Grant. Go figure.

Late in life, when he was suffering from throat cancer, President Grant became a writer when Mark Twain convinced him the world could be a better place if he’d sit down and record his memories. That was a dumb idea, but Twain wouldn't take no for an answer. When a few of Grant’s published essays brought rewards, Twain made offers he couldn't refuse. U. S. Pres number 18 put just about every bit of what strength he had left into the story of his considerable legacy. 

Not long before those memoirs were finished, the New York World published a story that claimed Grant's memoirs were entirely ghost written. While Grant's friends may be asserting that it's his work, the piece said, a nation should not be fooled by the "false idea. . .that he is a writer. He is not." 

In his massively detailed biography of U. S. Grant, American Ulysses, Ron Chernow refutes the charge by describing how hard Grant worked to finish that memoir, even though he was dying. 

Seems to me you need only to read a letter Grant wrote to the grandmother of James Birdseye McPherson, the second-highest ranking Union officer killed during the war. McPherson died at the Battle of Atlanta, and when General Grant, his boss and friend, heard the news, he fell hard into deep and reverent sadness. McPherson was beloved by his troops, a close friends. 

Our nation grieves for one so dear to our nation's cause. To know him was but to love him. It may be some consolation to you, his aged grandmother, to know that every officer and every soldier who served under your grandson felt the highest reverence for his patriotism, his zeal, his great, almost unequaled ability, his amiability and all the manly virtues that can adorn a commander. 

And then this: "Your bereavement is great,' he wrote, "but cannot exceed mine."

That's not just gorgeous style, that’s heart spilling hurt over the page.

Frederick Douglas, the most prominent African-American of his time, said this of our 18th President: "To him more than any other man the Negro owes his enfranchisement and the Indian a humane policy. . .He was accessible to all men. . .The black soldier was welcome in his tent, and the freedman in his house." 

If, like me, you thought President U. S. Grant was a hard-nosed general who never escaped the shadows of a bottle, a dim-witted President who didn't drain the swamp when he dang well should have, just drop by Galena, Illinois, sometime, a darling and remarkable old place; visit Grant’s home, spend an hour at the museum--little Galena has a thousand reasons to be proud of its most famous native son.

As do we.

---

Sunday Morning Meds from Psalm 32

 

Do not be like the horse or the mule,

    which have no understanding

but must be controlled by bit and bridle

    or they will not come to you.

The University of Kansas Natural History Museum, Lawrence, Kansas, is, at least temporarily, the final hitching post for Comanche, a horse who, for decades, may have been America’s most revered and certainly was most recognized steed, despite being dead. 

What fresh troops discovered once the dust settled at the scene of the famous 1876 Battle of the Little Big Horn was 200 of Custer’s men dead, and one horse, Comanche, still alive, a fourteen-year-old buckskin gelding injured and therefore not hustled off after the battle as so many others were by the conquering tribes.

 I’m not sure anyone ever thought of disposing of the injured animal—perhaps not.  Whether or not he could ever run again, Comanche was simply too stark a symbol.  So he was taken to Fort Riley, where he died, and was lovingly stuffed by the best taxidermist in Kansas, an employee of the museum where Comanche still (after a fashion) stands.

Thousands filed past him (his upright remains anyway) at the 1893 Columbian Exposition in Chicago.  Rumor had it that Comanche was General George Armstrong Custer’s own mount (not true).  Custer’s favorite horse, Vic, either died on the hill where Custer himself did, or else was snatched up by the conquering foe.  Among Native Americans, legend has it that a Santee Sioux named Grey Earth Track ended up with Vic, a thoroughbred, after the battle. 

Should you care to visit Comanche, you’ll find him enclosed in glass and wearing his cavalry blanket and saddle.  In the century+ which has passed since the Columbian Exposition, visitors have dwindled to a trickle, I suppose.  So it goes with legends.  The case once had a brass plaque proclaiming “Sole survivor of the Battle of Little Big Horn.”  In the Sixties it was, quite thoughtfully, removed at the request of Native Americans. 

That Comanche is still standing is understandable, given his legendary status—the last mount from an epic battle, the only thing left breathing at Little Big Horn.  He remains, I’d say, a symbol of the rough-hewn history of the American West, and he is what he was—a horse.  For more than a century, no animal was as significant to life on the Great Plains as the horse—to the Sioux, to the cavalry, to the settlers. 

King David had no idea that the horse would be as important to American culture as it was, historically.  Warring tribes he knew, but he had no notion of Sitting Bull or South Dakota.  Maybe we shouldn’t indict him for so unequally yoking the horse and mule in verse nine.  To old-timers who remember farming pre-John Deere, horses still hold special favor, after all.

I’m missing the point, of course.  Verse nine isn’t about horses; it’s about us, and animals, and what separates us—human understanding.  We’ve got it, and they don’t, despite our nostalgia, our tributes, and two or three centuries of Great Plains history. 

What makes us human—among other things—is understanding, the ability to think through our own actions.  What’s at stake is wisdom, not horse sense.  We’ve got to use it, but what the verse suggests is that too often we don’t. 

Custer didn’t.  But he’s not the only one.  All too often, neither do we.

That’s the point, I guess.

February Cold

In all the years I've spent traipsing around the neighborhood, I've occasionally got out of bed with the expressed purpose of trying to get pictures that will recreate sheer cold. They're useless, of course. Who would want to use a winter picture that makes people shiver? Put something like this up in your family room and guests will reach up to button their sweaters.

How about this one?--the sun coming up over the Big Sioux. Somewhere out there, not quite visible, sits Hawarden, shivering. There's something in the lay of the fog maybe that makes the point. It's very cold outside, and I've got my hunting gloves on, the ones with individual fingers.

By my estimation, this is the best short from the morning of February 15, 2010, although I don't think it sends chills--could have been taken almost any time of year.

It's always nice to have company, especially on forgettable, cold February mornings; but getting this crows well requires a wildlife photographer who's a quicker draw than I am. 

I don't believe that I was, this morning, thinking about trapping February cold in my camera. But it's hard to warm up to the record I came home with.

I don't need to say, it's here. You can like a picture like this one, but who on earth would like to have it up for months at a time. 

 

Today, 16 years later, the temperature will push all the way up into the low 50s. This kind of cold looks almost beautiful from a distance. 

From a distance. 

Nurse Eliza Müller, Hero

By today's standards, she wasn't a nurse. She lacked the formal training young men and women take these days before they get to the hospital floor. We have to be able to trust them because we are what they do. Even though Eliza Muller--be sure to get that umlaut above the u--never underwent the requisite training a nursing degree requires today, have no doubt about the testimonies her patients gave once the war was over: Eliza Müller--with an umlaut--was a nurse. "You betcha'" as they say in Minnesota. She was a nurse for the ages--and a hero in a fleeting, bloody moment of time at which  there were very, very few.

Truth be told, we know very little about her childhood, her family, even where she was born and reared. We can trust that her parents' circle of friends were well-established in the 1830s, when she was born. Her community--far out east--was German-American; but unlike those who were moving into central Minnesota in the mid-19th century, her family, like that of her husband, Dr. Alfred Müller who was, officially, the appointed surgeon at Minnesota's Ft. Ridgely. 

If you've never heard of Ft. Ridgely, you're not alone. It's greatly overshadowed by its much bigger and more ballyhooed big brother, Fort Snelling, which stands amid Minnesota's Twin Cities right there on the Mississippi River. What remains is not much more than a skeleton at Ft. Ridgely, which is not a reason not to visit.

So Dr. Müller and his capable wife, our hero, fell into treachery in the summer of 1862, when hundreds of marauding Dakota warriors determined their lives would be worth living if and when they killed everyone in the neighborhood--man, woman, and child. So they tried.

And they did bloody well. Most authoritative sources forward a death toll of 350 or so dead settlers, even though historically the toll has ranged to as many as twice that number, all in a matter of less than a month. 

You're saying  you never heard of such a thing, and it wasn't that far away? You're not alone. This nation is 250 years old this year. They'll be no end of fireworks, but don't expect to hear much at all about the 1862 Dakota War. It ain't pretty and it really doesn't have heroes. 

Save Eliza Müller--with an umlaut. Tell you what, let's just call her Nurse Eliza Müller because she tended the wounded graciously, assisted her husband's surgeries, and with him did the triage so necessary when little skeletal Ft. Ridgely suffered not just one but two separate assaults from the angry Dakota warriors that vastly outnumbered those trying to stay alive behind the fort's stone walls.

This Ft. Ridgely wasn't constructed to hold off a military siege--there were no walls, no palisades, no watchtowers for sharpshooting guards. It was--still is--wide open. Everything's exposed. When bullets and arrows flew, there was no shelter, so when people say that Eliza Müller showed divine grace under fire, they weren't making things up. 

Only an idiot would say that the 1862 Dakota War had no heroes. There were dozens, I'm sure. But the darkness that swept over the Minnesota River Valley for several months in 1862 leaves just about all the selflessness deep in shadow. 

And that, or so it seems to me, is reason enough to remember Eliza Müller, with an umlaut. When you finish at the Fort, go east for a block or so to the oldest section of the cemetery. Won't be long and you'll find a memorial, from the state, to Nurse Müller's memory. Take off your hat. Maybe leave a flower. 

She's a nurse. She's a hero.

**“In memory of

Mrs. Eliza Müller,

wife of Assistant Surgeon A. Müller, U.S.A.

Her valor and her devotion to the care of the sick and wounded soldiers and refugees during and after the Sioux Indian outbreak of 1862

will forever be cherished

in the hearts of a grateful people.”**

  

Remembrance

I'd seen her over there on the opposite side of the gym, a cheerleader, pretty as a picture, tall, even statuesque, leading her side of the gym against ours, mine. I think there may have been something of a giant-killer in me--I'd like to date her because she led cheers for our rotten rivals. Besides, she had great legs.

The kid that put me up to asking her out was a lineman from our football team, who'd already gone over to the dark side to date another young lady from the Cedar Grove Rockets, a young lady who'd conspired with him to get me to call her cousin, Gail, who would be--or so I was assured--most certainly assent to the big question, if I'd have the guts to ask.

One night, I called from a phone booth downtown with the lineman, my teammate, riding me like some wallflower. "Do it now, Schaap--call her. She thinks you're going to--call her! Call her now!"

It was one of those situational things--her people had been talking to my people to get the arrangements down, as if the whole thing was fearful political diplomacy. I was assured--and I believed it--that should I actually call her, she would most certainly say yes. 

Which didn't mean there wasn't any drama. As I remember, we stood outside that phone booth forever, him pushing me. I was scared to death. To me, she seemed a class act, no floozy, and I'd never, ever talked to her. Her dad owned a downtown grocery store. This was serious dating. I was a junior in high school.

Bob the offensive guard wouldn't let me out of the phone booth. It was a riot really, but that didn't mean that I wasn't shaking when I finally dialed in the number he gave me, even though the outcome was never in doubt.

She said yes, and the two of us were a thing for the rest of our high school years, despite our dueling allegiances-: twice-a-week dates, Friday night after the ball games, Sunday night after church. Tight as a class ring.

She determined it was in our own best interests not to go to the same college, so we didn't. I don't remember fighting about her declaration, but I bought in, so we went to school 500 miles from each other. 

I wonder, sometimes, how long she held on to the letters we wrote to each other because they went out almost daily from my dorm room. Today, I'd love to see what I wrote, not because I want to track the health of what was by then a true long-distance relationship. I'd love to read them because my first year at college was a garden of significant moments in my life. 

Our relationship, by that time almost three years old, didn't weather the distance. Mostly, the breakup was her fault. She conceded that she had started to chase some guy from her school once springtime warmed things. I'd stayed relatively true. When summer came, it was awkward and often distressing, but we stayed out of each other's hair.

The lights hadn't totally gone out, however, and in a manner I don't remember exactly we started to stumble into each other's arms again later in that summer, enough so that when our junior years began, we were tacitly a thing again.

The whole relationship had become, almost without our noticing it, far more serious, even if less dramatic--engagement, marriage. Nothing solid, but fairly serious discussion.

Then, one night, I was the one unfaithful. I told her what I'd done. Some friends said I was crazy for being truthful, but I was, maybe because I wasn't altogether sure of going where we'd begun to aim ourselves--I don't know.

That was it. The relationship ended on a river bank with a discussion that darkened fast. I brought her back to her apartment that night, and I never, ever saw her again. We'd spent the better part of four years together, four years that ended with my confession. I shed no tears, but neither did I understand myself or my behavior. I called someone, I remember, and asked about seeing someone at Pine Rest. Never did.

Yesterday, Super Bowl Sunday, an old friend called to tell me his sister, who has become a good friend of the cheerleader's sister, that the girl I used to love looking at across the gym was gone. She died last week, had Alzheimer's, I knew by way of the same pipeline. 

The image of my old girlfriend lying somewhere--I didn't know where--in some institutional bed, eyes open but speechless, her family visiting even when they knew nothing was registering in their mom or grandma--that image was almost paralyzing. I even wrote a story about it, just to be able to put it away.

Last week, she died. I don't know where. I have no idea how many people were mourning her death. Did she have children? I don't know. 

So much of her life is so far out of my reach that it just seems wrong not to remember. I had good friends in high school, but once upon a time none of them knew me better than she did. I'm sorry she died. I'm sad for those who grieve.

My wife and I have been married for 54 years. I never once dreamed about the woman who died last week--not once; but is it wrong for me to tell this story or to feel that something of me died with her? 

I wish her children--if she had some--and her husband--should he be yet alive--to be blessed with grace and peace as they walk through the scrapbooks they will share together, blessedly, throughout this week. 

Sunday Morning Meds from Psalm 32

 “I will counsel you and watch over you”

Procreation may well be humanity’s major interest in any relationship between the sexes, the perpetuation of the species; but marriage has other great benefits, to say the least.  One of them is lessons in how we see.  

I’m not interested in some gender war, but I’ve found—through fifty-some years of marriage—that my wife and I perceive things in different ways.  Let me say it more bluntly:  often as not, my wife and I see different things in different ways.

Years ago, she told me she didn’t trust one of my acquaintances.  I had no idea what she was talking about.  “His eyes,” she said, as if the answer were thus apparent.  

No clue.  “What about his eyes?” I asked her.  

“Just look at them,” she said.

Didn’t help.  I still didn’t get it.  The guy remained a friend, but not quite as close, not because I’d saw clearly what she had but because of what she had, and I trusted her.  

It struck me then—as it has since—that men and women perceive things in different ways. I’m no anthropologist, but here’s the way I came to understand the differences.  A woman’s perceptions have been sharpened by the necessity of centuries of defensive maneuvering they have to do, living, as they do, among predatory males.  

I know, I sound like an evolutionist. But consider this. My wife and I are not, nor were we ever, in the same weight class. I’m not a violent man (ask her), but for all of our lives together my wife has had to eat, drink, and sleep with someone so wide of girth that he could, should some madness attack, break a significant number of bones in her body.  

That’s never been true of me. I’ve never lived with someone who could so easily hurt me, but what I’m saying is that most women do.  That her perceptual strengths differ from mine—and that she’s inherited perceptions in her DNA that aren’t my own—seems to me quite obvious.  All I’m saying is this: we don’t always see the same things, and part of the reason for that is that “male and female created he them.”

The God of the Bible is beyond gender.  Our assessment of the Trinity includes the designation “Father,” of course, and the Bible speaks of him as a male most often.  As the creator and sustainer of the universe, he—make that God—has never really had to think defensively.  Maybe his perceptions are closer to mine, not my wife’s. I’ll never know that, of course, and I’m not about to lose any sleep because I don’t.

The NIV translates the second half of verse 8 of Psalm 32 this way: “I will counsel you and watch over you.”  That’s just fine with me.  But I prefer the King James’s “I will guide thee with mine eye,” a divine eye hovering somewhere around, all. the. time.  

Reminds me of that eye in Poe’s famous short story, “The Tell-tale Heart,” the eye that wouldn’t let the murderer alone. It also brings to mind the invisible eyeball in Emerson’s “Nature,” that odd image Waldo creates to document his vision as he was crossing what he calls “a bare common.”  

“I will guide thee with mine eye.”  There’s something memorable about that image.

“Male and female created he them.”  God’s perceptions, I’m sure, include both of ours—mine and hers.  And if that’s true—and I’m sure it is—then I have no reason to fear, no reason not to sleep in his care and love.  

Poe in the Loess Hills

Here's a stumper: what has Monona County, Iowa, to do with Edgar Allen Poe, the nightmare poet lurking in dusty old lit books? 

"Poe--Onawa?" you ask. "Why, nothing," you say.

Go to the head of the class.

Poe the brooder never came any closer than West Point, NY, but his ideas--one shady one at least--made it all the way out here, even if he never darkened a Siouxland doorway. 

Answer me this: what has Winona to do with Monona, just a quick trip south? 

"Ah," you say, "Both have Indian names--indigenous females, in fact."

Well done. We're on a roll.

Now, what has the character "Minnehaha," in Longfellow's "The Song of Hiawatha," have to do with Winona and Monona?

"All three are sweet Indian maidens," you say?

Yes, and, well, they all die. 

Because no one knows ye' ancient legend that gave rise to a story about this 'Monona,' most history nerds guess--yes, guess--that the story behind Monona county's name was told around the campfires of pioneer white folks, not the Omaha. White folks made up the story, including Monona's death when, heartsick, she tosses herself from the towering banks of the Missouri. White folks made up the whole thing.

Twenty years ago Pipestone, Minnesota, stopped putting on "The Song of Hiawatha," a love story that ends when death strikes the sweet Minnehaha, another beautiful young Indian maiden. Ms. Minnehaha takes no leaps, however. Fever and hunger does her beleaguered heart in. 

Pipestone had been staging the Hiawatha pageant for sixty summers, when, in 2008, they hung up the headdress. Why? A bunch of reasons, but one of them was that the Hiawatha saga--so popular a century before--seemed corny and condescending when acted out by white-faces. In 1855 "The Song of Hiawatha" was not only a best seller, but a cultural sensation. Everyone knew the story, everyone. Wasn't that way 150 years later.

Three legends of the American West, three places and three names--all ending with death, sweet and beautiful women dying.

What has this to do with Mr. E. A. Poe? Poe preached this horrifying idea that if a poem wanted to be beautiful, then it had to have death, because death makes a poem or story beautiful, especially the death of a  young woman. Hence, his own poems, like that prophetic raven repeating "Nevermore" on and on and on.

In a neighborhood that would be called "Monona County," white folks were still arriving decades after The Trail of Tears, but those rough-and-tumble pioneers somehow preferred sad stories of lost love, of heartache and grief amid the huge stretch of their wilderness home. There was plenty of horrors in Minnesota and the Dakotas back then, but for their stories, it seems they preferred Hiawatha to Red Cloud's War, fantasy to real life. 

We still may.   

Quoth the Raven, "Evermore."